If you right click on the START button but do not see a context menu you likely have corrupted or missing folder:
c:\User\<user>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\WinX
The solution is just to copy this folder (and its three subfolders) from a working machine. In my case, I was able to copy these files from a different Windows profile that was not experiencing the problem.
Also, in case you have not figured this out yet, you can customize your right click menu by making changes to:
c:\User\<user>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\WinX\Group1c:\User\<user>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\WinX\Group2c:\User\<user>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\WinX\Group3